宋人罗大经提出的作诗炼字的方法和技巧。健字指有力量的字，能将全句或全诗撑住。活字指能沟通上下文意的字，能将全句贯穿成一气。他在《鹤林玉露》中以杜诗为例说：“作诗要健字撑拄，活字斡旋。如‘红入桃花嫩，青归柳叶新’，‘弟子贫原宪，诸生老伏虔’。‘入’与‘归’字，‘贫’与‘老’字，乃撑拄也。‘生理何颜面，忧端且岁时’，‘名岂文章著，官应老病休’。‘何’与‘且’字，‘岂’与‘应’字，乃斡旋也。撑拄如屋之有柱，斡旋如车之有轴，文亦然。诗以字，文以句。”
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