清人黄子云在《野鸿诗的》中谈到诗人主观修养时说:“眼不高,不能越众;气不充不能作势;胆不大,不能驰骋;心不死,不能入木。此四者,作诗之大旨也。”所谓眼高,指有识力;气充,指有气魄;胆大,指能纵笔挥洒;心死,指凝神静心,心无杂念,进入艺术创造的精神状态,如此方能刻划入木。
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